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Type 2 Diabetes and Checking Blood Sugar at Home

Learn what type 2 diabetes is, how to check your blood sugar at home, and the signs of low and high blood sugar.

What type 2 diabetes is

Your body turns food into sugar for energy. A hormone called insulin helps move that sugar out of your blood and into your cells.

With type 2 diabetes, the body does not use insulin well. Sugar stays in the blood, and the level runs too high. Over time, high blood sugar can harm the heart, eyes and kidneys.

Type 2 diabetes often builds slowly. Some people have no signs at all, so a blood test is the way to know. It is managed mostly by you, with help from your health care team. Some people manage it with food choices and activity. Others also need medicine.

Checking your blood sugar at home

A blood glucose meter is a small device that tests a drop of blood, usually from a finger prick. Some people, often those who take insulin, use a continuous glucose monitor. This is a small sensor under the skin that shows changes all day and night.

Ask your health care team how often you should check and the best way to do it.

Target ranges

Blood sugar is measured in milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL). The National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) says many people with diabetes aim for:

  • 80 to 130 mg/dL before a meal
  • Less than 180 mg/dL about 2 hours after a meal starts

These are general numbers. NIDDK says goals may be different for adults over 65 who have had diabetes a long time, for people with other health problems such as heart disease, and for people whose blood sugar often drops too low. Your clinician sets the target that is right for you. Tell your team if your numbers are often above or below your range.

Low blood sugar

For most people, blood sugar under 70 mg/dL is too low. Signs can include:

  • Feeling shaky, hungry or tired
  • Feeling dizzy, confused or cranky
  • A fast or uneven heartbeat, or a headache
  • Trouble seeing or speaking clearly

If you have signs, check your blood sugar. If it is low, NIDDK says to eat or drink 15 to 20 grams of fast sugar, such as four glucose tablets or half a cup of regular fruit juice. Wait 15 minutes and check again. Repeat until you are back in your range. Ask your care team for your own plan ahead of time.

High blood sugar

Signs of high blood sugar can include peeing often and feeling very thirsty. Treating it early helps prevent problems. Your doctor can tell you what to do when your numbers run high.

If high blood sugar is not treated, it can lead to ketoacidosis. The American Diabetes Association calls this life-threatening. Signs include trouble breathing, fruity-smelling breath, upset stomach and throwing up, and a very dry mouth.

When to call 911

Call 911 right away if someone:

  • Passes out or has a seizure from low blood sugar
  • Has low blood sugar and cannot eat or drink safely. If you have been taught to give glucagon (an emergency medicine for low blood sugar), give it, then call 911.
  • Has signs of ketoacidosis, such as trouble breathing, fruity breath and throwing up

Wearing a medical ID bracelet or necklace tells others you have diabetes.

For some people with diabetes, the Willow Harbor at Home device can be a glucose meter that sends readings by itself over a cellular connection. When a reading is out of range, the care team follows up during business hours. It is not an emergency service, so in an emergency, call 911.

This guide is general information, not medical advice. Talk with your doctor about your own care.

Have a question about this? Willow can explain in plain words, in English or Spanish.

Last reviewed 2026-10-21. Checked against these sources:

  1. About Type 2 Diabetes (CDC)
  2. Managing Diabetes (NIDDK)
  3. Low Blood Glucose (Hypoglycemia) (NIDDK)
  4. Hyperglycemia (High Blood Glucose) (American Diabetes Association)

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