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Medicare Advantage vs. Medigap: What's the Difference?

Learn how Medicare Advantage and Medigap differ, why you can't use both, and why the timing of buying Medigap matters.

Medicare Advantage and Medigap both come from private insurance companies, so they are easy to mix up. But they work in very different ways. You pick one or the other, not both.

Two different paths

Medicare Advantage (also called Part C) takes the place of Original Medicare. You get your hospital and medical coverage through one private plan. Most plans also include drug coverage.

Medigap (also called Medicare Supplement Insurance) does not replace anything. It sits on top of Original Medicare (Part A and Part B). It helps pay costs Original Medicare leaves to you, such as coinsurance, copayments and deductibles. You generally need both Part A and Part B to buy it.

Medigap plans are named with letters. A plan with a certain letter offers the same basic benefits no matter which company sells it. Price is the main difference between companies.

You can't use both together

You can only buy Medigap if you have Original Medicare. When you join a Medicare Advantage Plan, you leave Original Medicare.

It is against the law for someone to sell you a Medigap policy if they know you are in a Medicare Advantage Plan, unless you are switching back to Original Medicare. It is also against the law to sell you a Medicare Advantage Plan if you told them you want to keep Original Medicare and buy Medigap.

Networks and costs in general terms

Original Medicare with Medigap:

  • You can see any doctor or hospital in the U.S. that accepts Medicare.
  • You usually don't need a referral to see a specialist.
  • Medigap helps pay your share of costs. You still pay your Part B premium.
  • Drug coverage is separate. You would join a Part D plan.
  • Some Medigap policies cover emergency care when you travel outside the U.S.

Medicare Advantage:

  • You generally must use the plan's network of doctors and hospitals for care that is not an emergency.
  • You may need a referral or the plan's approval before some services.
  • Costs vary by plan. You still pay your Part B premium, and you may also pay a premium for the plan. Some plans have no premium of their own.
  • Every plan has a yearly limit on what you pay out of pocket for covered services.
  • Some plans offer extras, like some vision, hearing or dental care.

Who each tends to suit

There is no right answer for everyone. In general:

  • People who want to choose any doctor that takes Medicare, travel often, or want help paying the costs Original Medicare leaves to them often look at Original Medicare with Medigap.
  • People who are comfortable using a network and like having drug coverage and extras in one plan often look at Medicare Advantage.

Check that your doctors and medicines are covered before you decide.

Why timing matters for Medigap

You get a one-time, 6-month Medigap Open Enrollment Period. It starts the first month you have Part B and are 65 or older. It does not come back each year.

During this time:

  • You can buy any Medigap policy a company offers.
  • The company can't turn you down or charge you more because of health problems.

After it ends, a company may charge you more, offer fewer choices, or turn you down after asking about your health. This is called medical underwriting.

There are some special situations, called guaranteed issue rights, when a company can't turn you down. If you join Medicare Advantage first and later want to switch back to Original Medicare, your Medigap Open Enrollment Period may be over. Ask whether you would have a guaranteed issue right before you decide. Counselors with VICAP (the Virginia Insurance Counseling and Assistance Program) give free, impartial help and don't sell insurance. Ask your local Area Agency on Aging to set up a meeting.

This guide is general information, not medical advice. Talk with your doctor about your own care.

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